Retrieved November 14, from www. At the end of their journey to Central or South America, you might find mostly males in one The results support the idea that differences in strategy The findings provide new evidence that males aren't required to maintain some advanced animal Males retain the stick-like appearance they employ as nymphs, while females ScienceDaily shares links with sites in the TrendMD network and earns revenue from third-party advertisers, where indicated.
Print Email Share. Boy or Girl? Living Well. View all the latest top news in the environmental sciences, or browse the topics below:. Keyword: Search. Wise orca grandmothers help their extended family thrive by knowing where the salmon are. It is knowledgeable matriarchs that lead groups to water in a drought. Most human societies are patrilineal, with wealth and status passing down the male line.
Elephants and orcas are matrilineal. Hyenas are cooperative hunters. In hunting, mainly males lead. But in other ways, females call the shots. Females hyenas are larger and stronger than males, and direct where the groups go. Typically, hungry lactating females take the lead, followed by youngsters and males. Female hyena leadership is important during clan wars, when groups battle it out, usually over territory.
Female hyenas are larger than the males — and direct where the group goes Credit: Getty Images. After confirming trustworthy alliances, females join forces in another potentially risky behaviour: an attack. But hyena females lead not only in battle, but in defusing conflict within clans too.
So while greeting your colleagues in a similar way to hyenas and bonobos may be off the cards, sussing out allegiances could be absolutely vital. Female leadership, the animal world suggests, is more likely to emerge when females form cooperative units. But is it valid to make this leap from furry animals to working women? The idea is contentious, acknowledge Smith and colleagues. Leadership research often focuses on large, complex hierarchies within a business, government or military.
Researchers studying resident killer whales in the Pacific Northwest observed post-menopausal female whales, the oldest in the group, typically swimming at the front of the group and directing its movements.
Throughout their long lives, these females have gained wisdom on how and where to find food, knowledge that is in turn passed on to younger members of the group, boosting their survival and reproductive success. The brown hyena and the striped hyena both live in typical male-dominated societies, but the spotted hyena is different.
All female spotted hyenas are dominant over males, even the lowest ranking female is dominant over the highest ranking male. Dominance is passed on from mother to daughter and granddaughter.
So dominant are females that high-ranking adult males have been observed retreating from pubescent females and even tiny female cubs. The reason behind female dominance in this particular species is thought to be related to their reproductive strategy.
Spotted hyenas reproduce more slowly than other social carnivores, with no particular breeding season and females usually giving birth to two cubs every year or two, but one cub often dies. It is believed that spotted hyena societies were once male-dominated, with numbers limited by a meagre food supply. Once they started hunting co-operatively in order to kill larger animals, numbers grew thanks to the greater food availability. But with more adults feeding at a kill, there was not enough food for the cubs and with only one cub every two years, this would lead to population decline.
Tough females with higher levels of testosterone would have been better able to defend their cubs, were more successful at raising cubs, and therefore, the genes for high testosterone levels were passed on through the generations, resulting in the dominant females we see today.
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