For kits that include a collection cup, urinate into the cup, and insert the dipstick into the cup for 5 to 10 seconds. After a few minutes, the dipstick will show your results. The time to results and the way the results are shown will vary between test kit brands. Your dipstick may have a window or other area that shows a plus or minus sign, a single or double line, or the words "pregnant" or "not pregnant. Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test? You don't need any special preparations for a pregnancy test in urine or blood.
Are there any risks to the test? There is no known risk to having a urine test. What do the results means? Is there anything else I need to know about a pregnancy test?
References FDA: U. Food and Drug Administration [Internet]. Silver Spring MD : U. Washington D. C: American Association for Clinical Chemistry; c— Getting Pregnant; [cited Jun 27]; [about 3 screens].
Detecting and Dating a Pregnancy; [cited June 27]; [about 2 screens]. Bethesda MD : U. Most doctors recommend that you wait until the first day of your missed period before taking a urine pregnancy test. This is usually about two weeks after conception.
However, some tests are more sensitive than others and can be taken earlier. However, if done incorrectly or taken too early, the result can be inaccurate. If you get a negative result and still have symptoms of pregnancy missed period, nausea , breast tenderness, and fatigue , wait a week and take another test or contact your doctor so you can have a blood test done.
There are two types of blood tests. A quantitative blood test measures the exact amount of hCG in the blood, and a qualitative hCG blood test gives a simple yes or no answer to whether you are pregnant or not.
A positive result from a home pregnancy test shows the presence of the hormone hCG in your system. This is a sign that you have become pregnant. A negative result can mean that you are not pregnant, you took the test too early, or you took the test wrong.
Pregnancy tests vary in their sensitivity how soon they can detect the hormone hCG , and you may not have given your body enough time to produce enough hCG hormones that will show up on the test.
Also, if you let a test sit for too long after the instructions on the box tell you , the test is invalid. It is best to follow the instructions and wait until you have missed a period before taking the test. Most pregnancy tests come with two in a box, and it is a good idea to take both. It is recommended that you wait until you have missed a period to take a home test. You can do a pregnancy test on a sample of urine collected at any time of the day. It doesn't have to be in the morning.
You can also buy pregnancy testing kits from pharmacists and some supermarkets. They can give a quick result and you can do the test in private. All pregnancy tests detect the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin hCG , which starts to be produced around 6 days after fertilisation. Most pregnancy tests come in a box that contains 1 or 2 long sticks. You pee on the stick and the result appears on the stick after a few minutes.
All tests are slightly different, so always check the instructions. Home pregnancy tests are accurate as long as you follow the instructions correctly. A positive test result is almost certainly correct.
However, a negative test result is less reliable. In addition, the use of so many animals made it so that the test was expensive and relegated it to a few labs that received shipments of urine through the mail. But up through the s, women had to wait until at least a month after conception, visit a doctor, mail her urine to a lab, and then wait at least another week to get the result of the test.
Unsurprisingly, pregnancy testing in this era was not routine , used only by those who were wealthy or needed to know if they were pregnant for medical reasons. The juvenile mouse test was slightly improved in by an American doctor, Maurice Freidman, who swapped juvenile mice for adult rabbits , which were easier to inject.
However, a test using frogs, developed the British scientist Lancelot Hogben , marked the pinnacle of these animal tests. This test also gave results faster: within twelve hours. The frog test increased the availability of pregnancy testing, but it still required shipping urine to a select number of frog labs. Tens of thousands of frogs were injected with urine throughout the ss, but pregnancy testing in this era was still not the norm.
Most labs would only test urine sent by a doctor, meaning that women had to rely on their doctors to get tested. And many doctors—and health insurance companies—would only grant a woman a test if she had some urgent medical reason that she needed to know she was pregnant. Most women instead relied on morning sickness and sore breasts as early clues to their pregnancy, not visiting a doctor to confirm until months after conception.
At first, these tests had similar sensitivity for hCG, but by the early s , Drs. Vaitukaitis, Braunstein, and Ross had developed a test that could detect pregnancy just weeks after conception —on the first day of a missed period. These new tests used antibodies. Antibodies are molecules that recognize and stick to other molecules. In pregnancy tests, however, scientists engineered antibodies that recognized and stuck to hCG.
They then mixed these blood cells with the other test components: hCG antibodies and urine. Based on the way that antibodies stick to hCG and to each other, the hCG-decorated blood cells would clump if they were mixed with the urine of a woman who was not pregnant. On the other hand, if the blood cells and hCG antibody were mixed with the urine of a woman who was pregnant, the blood cells would not clump.
So by looking at the clumpiness of the blood cells, doctors could tell if a woman was pregnant Figure 3. These and other, similar antibody-based tests could give doctors results in a few minutes to hours and finally made pregnancy testing mainstream.
At first, women still had to visit their doctor to get a pregnancy test. But that, too, changed in the s in Canada, in the US when the first at-home pregnancy test hit the market , using this same blood-and-antibody technology. Success in completing the test required carefully following a step process all while keeping the test tubes in a place free from vibrations for two hours.
And for the first time, a woman could confirm that she was pregnant without ever contacting a doctor.
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