Researchers believe this is what causes PMS symptoms. If someone has PMS-like symptoms but their period does not arrive when they expect it to, there are several potential explanations, such as:. PMS and early pregnancy can cause similar symptoms.
Here is a comparison. Although bleeding does not typically occur during PMS, some people experience light bleeding or spotting. This can also be a sign of early pregnancy. When this occurs 1—2 weeks after a fertilized egg implants in the uterine lining, it is usually called implantation bleeding. Implantation bleeding is much lighter than menstrual bleeding. It may look like a pale pink or brown discharge, whereas menstrual blood appears bright red. Both PMS and pregnancy can cause abdominal pain.
People may also notice mild-to-moderate cramping in the lower abdomen. During pregnancy, these cramps feel similar to premenstrual cramps , and they occur as the embryo grows and stretches the uterus.
However, breast changes that occur due to pregnancy can persist throughout the pregnancy. Fatigue is a potential symptom of both PMS and early pregnancy.
Fatigue during pregnancy might be due to elevated hormone levels. An imbalance of the neurotransmitter serotonin may contribute to feelings of fatigue during PMS. These changes may affect some people more than others. Learn more about fatigue and periods here. Persistent feelings of sadness, apathy, or irritability that last longer than 2 weeks may indicate depression or another mood disorder. Dramatic mood changes that only occur before a period may be a sign of PMDD.
People may wish to see a healthcare professional if they have PMS symptoms that affect their daily life, if the symptoms occur outside of their period, or if they experience any sudden or dramatic changes to PMS or period symptoms. In typical cases, symptoms may begin as early as 11 days to 5 days prior to a period and stop when the period starts.
If you are concerned about the length or severity of symptoms, the best course of action is to see your doctor. Here are a few ways that some women manage their time of the month:. Research is unclear on whether there is a correlation between caffeine consumption and the physical and behavioral symptoms associated with menstruation. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists suggests that women who experience premenstrual syndrome avoid caffeine.
This may be because women with severe cases are more likely to consume larger amounts of caffeine. This may be a chicken or the egg situation: Women who suffer from fatigue prior to their period may be more inclined to consume caffeine, for example.
Similarly, people who consume caffeine are more likely to smoke , which may also contribute to PMS symptoms. Research on the connection between smoking and those dreaded period indicators is more clear. According to research , women between the ages of 27 and 44 are two times more likely to experience PMS symptoms if they smoke.
This is because smoking may affect hormone levels, including progesterone and estrogen. It may also lower Vitamin D levels. Eating a healthy diet and going light on the junk food may actually help you when Aunt Flo comes around, according to research.
One study of adolescent girls uncovered a correlation between menstrual cramps and junk food consumption. More generally, it links PMS symptoms to a lack of exercise. Other studies support this research: Considering 40 non-athletic girls between the ages of 18 and 25, other research found that eight weeks of aerobic exercise reduced the physical and psychological symptoms commonly connected to menstruation.
Cramps are also more common around menarche , which is a girl's first period. For people who deal with breast discomfort, cramping, aches, and pains, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs may offer relief. These may include over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen, Advil, Midol, Motrin, or Aleve.
In some cases, especially ones with extreme symptoms, hormonal birth control may help. In other words, a contraceptive device such as a hormonal IUD or the pill may stop ovulation, thereby reducing PMS symptoms. Sometimes, diet and exercise and avoiding cigarettes, of course may not be enough.
Some people choose to take supplements to mitigate PMS symptoms. Keep in mind that many supplements and supportive strategies for dealing with your period are experimental. This means that choosing to take a dietary supplement is a personal choice that you should make with a doctor. According to research, women who suffer from premenstrual syndrome may not consume enough calcium.
One study gave women mg of calcium every day for 2 months. It concluded that by the second menstrual cycle phase, the calcium reduced water retention, sleep pattern changes, and emotional changes such as anxiety and depression.
One of the potential benefits of Vitamin B may be a reduction in PMS symptoms — especially those that affect your psychological wellbeing, according to research. In addition to a water-soluble supplement, you may also get your daily Vitamin B-6 from:. Though there is no research on the effects of evening primrose oil on your period, some people take it to ease their side-effects.
These may include breast tenderness, bloating, and psychological side-effects like depression and anxiety. The research and regulations surrounding herbal supplements compared to pharmaceuticals are limited.
However, one study found that people who had taken evening primrose oil capsules experienced an improvement in neuropathy test scores over six months. A connection between low serotonin levels and PMDD also exists. They may also recommend a psychiatric evaluation. A personal or family history of major depression, substance abuse, trauma, or stress can trigger or worsen PMDD symptoms. This medication increases serotonin levels in your brain and has many roles in regulating brain chemistry that are not limited to depression.
Your doctor may also suggest cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of counseling that can help you understand your thoughts and feelings and change your behavior accordingly. A healthy lifestyle and a comprehensive treatment plan can reduce or eliminate the symptoms for most women. When should you see a doctor for bloating and back pain?
Learn what causes these symptoms and how to manage pain at home. Bloating is a common premenstrual symptom. Here are tips for managing and reducing the effects of period bloating. Premenstrual breast swelling and tenderness are common symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, or PMS. Saffron is one of the most expensive spices in the world, known for its many health benefits.
Steep this tea to reap the rewards. If medication isn't an option, these 10 natural treatments may…. Crying and feeling sad or anxious before or during your period is fairly normal, and likely due to fluctuating hormones.
Increased anxiety before your period is normal, but that doesn't make it any more tolerable. Find out why it happens and how you can stay 2 steps…. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Symptoms See your doctor Treatment Premenstrual dysphoric disorder Outlook We include products we think are useful for our readers.
Risk factors for premenstrual syndrome include: a history of depression or mood disorders, such as postpartum depression or bipolar disorder a family history of PMS a family history of depression domestic violence substance abuse physical trauma emotional trauma Associated conditions include: dysmenorrhea major depressive disorder seasonal affective disorder generalized anxiety disorder schizophrenia.
Symptoms of PMS. When to see your doctor. Easing the symptoms of PMS.
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