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Security One of the most beneficial purposes served by views is to extend the data security features of SQL Server. Views can be created that provide a subset of rows, a subset of columns, or a subset of both rows and columns from the base table. How do views help provide row and column level security? Typically, name, address, position, birth date, hire date, and salary information would be contained in such a table. However, not every user will require access to all of this information.
Specifically, it may become necessary to shield the salary information from most users. This can be done by creating a view that does not contain the salary column and granting most users the ability to access the view, instead of the base table. Similarly, row level security may be necessary.
Consider a table that contains project information. Typically this would include project name, purpose, start date, and who is responsible for the project. Perhaps the security requirements of the projects within your organization deem that only the employee who is responsible for the project can access their project data. This is a fast and effective way of instituting row level security.
By eliminating restricted columns from the SELECT list and providing the proper predicates in the WHERE clause, views can be created to allow access to only those portions of a table that each user is permitted to access. Efficient Access Views can also be used to ensure optimal access paths. By coding efficient predicates in the view definition SQL, efficient access to the underlying base tables can be guaranteed. The use of proper join criteria and predicates on indexed columns can be coded into the view.
For example, consider the following view:. Derived Data Another valid usage of views is to ensure consistent derived data by creating new columns for views that are based upon arithmetic formulae.
Domain Support It is a sad fact of life that there are no commercial relational database management systems that support domains; and SQL Server is no exception. Although the purpose of this article is not to explain the concept of domains, a quick explanation is in order.
A domain basically identifies the valid range of values that a column can contain. This will guarantee that all data inserted or updated using the view will adhere to the view specification.
Of course, this is a contrived example with very awkward column names, but I have seen worse in actual production systems. Sometimes, a complex data access request may be encountered that can not be coded using SQL alone.
But, sometimes a view can be created to implement a portion of the access. Then, the view can be queried to satisfy the remainder. Consider the scenario where you want to report on detail information and summary information from a single table.
For instance, what if you would need to report on account balance information from an ACCOUNT table similar to the one discussed previously? For each account, provide all column details, and on each row, also report the maximum, minimum, and average balance for that customer. Additionally, report the difference between the average balance and each individual balance.
Try doing that in one SQL statement! Instead, you could create a view to solve the dilemma. When this clause is specified, you can not retrieve the actual SQL used for the view from the system catalog. Encrypted views are very difficult to administer, maintain, and modify.
Synopsis Views are practical and helpful when implemented in a systematic and thoughtful manner. Hopefully this article has provided you with some food for thought pertaining to how views are implemented at your shop. And if you follow the guidelines contained in this article, in the end, all that will remain is a beautiful view! All rights reserved. Phone: Fax: Return to Home. Craig S. They can consist of any combination of the following: Rows from tables, including: a subset of rows from a single table, all rows from a single table, a subset of rows from multiple tables, or all rows from multiple tables.
Rows from views, including the same combinations as listed above for tables. Columns from tables, including: a subset of columns from a single table, all columns from a single table, a subset of columns from multiple tables, or all columns from multiple tables. Columns from views including the same combinations as listed above for tables.
Additionally, inserting data is prohibited for the following types of views: views having columns with derived i. These are: to provide row and column level security to ensure efficient access paths to mask complexity from the user to ensure proper data derivation to provide domain support to rename columns, and to provide solutions which can not be accomplished without views Let's examine each of these uses. Complexity Somewhat akin to coding appropriate access into views, complex SQL can be coded into views to mask the complexity from the user.
This can be extremely useful when your shop employs novice SQL users whether those users are programmers, analysts, managers, or typical end users. Consider a database that tracks projects and each individual activity for the project.
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