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Investigate TV. Latest Newscasts. Dismiss Weather Alerts Alerts Bar. Published: Sep. Pelee, Martinique, where 29, were killed in ; and Nevada del Ruiz, Colombia, where 23, were killed in Fiery lava was not the culprit in any of these disasters. Krakatoa, a small island, exploded catastrophically. The resulting sea wave washed whole villages on nearby Java and Sumatra away.
A cloud of super-heated rock particles and poisonous gases known as a pyroclastic eruption rushed down the volcano's slope destroying the town of Saint-Pierre on Martinique. Unlike lava, it travels so fast that it cannot be outrun. A small eruption melted part of this ice, and the melt water produced a mud flow that inundated the town of Armero, located in a valley below the volcano. Interestingly, none of these three volcanoes had been active in the century prior to their eruption, although all had some historic activity.
The eruptions of Ruiz and Pelee were moderate-to-large in size, not gigantic. Their effects were confined to a ten-to-twenty kilometer radius around the volcano.
The large death toll was the result of a moderate hazard combined with a moderately sized town. Recipe for Risk The first criterion for identifying the Most Dangerous Volcano in the World is to decide whether an eruption would endanger a nearby population center.
To threaten a population, the geography must be right for the potential hazard; the mudflow, pyroclastic cloud, or lava, must be able to travel from volcano to town.
The Most Dangerous Volcano need not have been recently active. With the mean time between major eruptions at a given volcano hundreds to thousands of years, even geological evidence of eruptions of the last few tens of thousands of years is not enough to classify it as hazardous. If we were to consider only volcanoes that endanger small towns of a few thousands or tens of thousands of people, there would be literally hundreds of candidates.
It is m in diameter. In , the eruption entered its most destructive phase when flows flooded the village of Kalapana. Over homes were destroyed in a 9-month period. Eventually, new lava tubes formed, diverting lava away from Kalapana early in ; Lava resumed ocean entry within the confines of the National Park. In early , the Kupainaha vent died, marking the end of episode 48 of the eruption. Only a small remnant remains today.
In , activity changed substantially, feeding NE along the rift zone, instead of down to the sea. This was new terriroty for the eruption. First came the two relatively short-lived "Kahauale'a" eruptions, followed by the "Jine 27th" flow in This lava tracked far down the rift zone, at one point entering a system of old fissures and re-emerging down slope, and eventually reaching within m or so Hwy in of Pahoa town.
Since mid , activty has continued along the June 27th tube systrem but has been restucted to areas within about 7 km of Puu Oo. Map summarizing lava flows from episodes thru
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